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Fact Sheets from Reilly's Country Gardens
Wildflowers

Native Plants and Wildflowers for Every Garden

There is a great choice of native North American perennials, or wildflowers, for everyone’s garden. Whether your gardens are in full sun, shaded by mature trees, alongside a stream, or in a field-like setting, there are wildflowers suited to your specific conditions. Similarly you can choose from wildflower varieties suited to loam, clay or sand-based soils.

Wildflowers Benefit Wildlife

Choosing wildflowers for your garden has many benefits for wildlife. Butterfly and bird populations are provided with sources of food which are becoming harder to find in an increasingly paved-over urban landscape. In nature, wherever insects abound, insect eaters will move into the same area. The seed or fruit of native plants and wildflowers are also favoured foods of many birds and small mammals. Ecological values of wildflowers in a garden are great – you are sure to see greater numbers and different varieties of butterflies and birds within a season or two.

Further information on Gardening with Wildflowers.

Fletcher Wildlife Gardens. Located on the Central Experimental Farm just south of the Arboretum on Highway 16, overlooking the Rideau Canal and opposite Carleton University, there is an educational centre open on weekends. There is also a demonstration garden open to the public to view wildflowers native to this area.

Landowner Resource Centre. Located in Manotick, the Landowner Resource Centre (LRC) has many fact sheets of interest to Ottawa area landowners. You can download from their web site (www.lrconline.com/) fact sheets on many tree varieties, forest management, and naturalizing your property for benefit to wildlife.

Selected Books

Canadian Gardening’s Natural Gardens: A Complete Guide to Gardening with Native Trees, Wildflowers and Grasses. 1996. Liz Primeau. Madison Press Books. Toronto. 95 pages. This magazine has much practical guidance on designing and choosing appropriate plants for gardens in each of Canada's regional ecosystems. The plant choices suggested are the easy to start from seed or easy to find at nursery ones. Overall this book is worth seeking out at libraries.

Growing and Propagating Wild Flowers. Harry R. Phillips. 1998. The University of North Carolina Press.Chapel Hill. N.C. The author and other members of the North Carolina Botanical Garden have written a useful guide to gardening with wildflowers. Nearly 100 genera of wildflowers, carniverous plants and ferns have instructions on starting from seed, methods of division and taking cuttings and how to use them in a garden.

Growing Woodland Plants. Clarence and Eleanor G. Birdseyer. 1972. Dover Publications, Inc. New York. Originally published in 1951, this older text gives useful information on creating woodland gardens and choosing from over 200 species of wildflowers and ferns native to North America.

Landscaping With Nature: Using Nature's Designs To Plan Your Backyard. 1991. Cox, Jeff. Rodale press. Emmaus, PA.

Nature and Natural Areas in Canada's Capital: An Introductory Guide for the Ottawa-Hull Area. Brunton, Daniel F. 1988. The Ottawa Citizen and the Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club.

The Ontario Naturalized Garden: The Complete Guide to Using Native Plants. Lorraine Johnson, 1995, Whitecap Books, Vancouver. This is a good source of information on selecting and using wildflowers suited to Ontario gardens.

The Wildflower Gardener's Guide: Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Great lakes and Eastern Canada Edition. Art, Henry. 1987. A Garden Way Publishing Book. Storey Communications, Inc. Pownal, Vt. An excellent book with tabular info on light preferences, hardiness ratings, moisture requirements and soil pH preferences of 32 of the more common and easily cultivated wildflowers of Eastern North America.

Wildflower Perennials for Your Garden. Miles, Bebe. 1976. Hawthorn Books. New York. NY.

Wildflowers: How to Identify Flowers in the Wild and How to Grow Them In Your Garden. 1992. Rick Imes. Key Porter Books. Toronto. A useful text on growing wildflowers. Suitable plants are presented in sections appropriate for specific habitats such as Eastern Woodlands, Wetlands, and Fields and Roadsides.

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Perennial Wildflowers (Native and Non-native)

The following listing of perennial wildflowers includes many varieties long-prized in the perennial garden.

Wildflowers for Sunny Areas

Achillea millefolium (Common Yarrow)
Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Flower)
Coreopsis lancelota (Lance Leaved Coreopsis)
Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower)
Filipendula rubra (Queen of the Prairie)
Gaillardia aristata (Blanket Flower)
Geum triflorum (Prairie Smoke)
Helenium autumnale (Helen's Flower)
Heliopsis helianthoides (False Sunflower)
Liatris pycnostachya (Prairie Gayfeather)
Monarda didyma & M. fistulosa (Bergamot)
Penstemon digitalis (Beardtongue)
Physostegia virginiana (Obedient Plant)
Rudbeckia hirta (Black-eyed Susan)
Sisyrinchium angustifolium (Blue-eyed grass)
Tradescantia virginiana (Spiderwort)

Wildflowers for Shady Areas

Actea rubra (Red Baneberry)
Aquilegia canadensis (Wild Columbine)
Aruncus dioicus (Goat's Beard)
Campanula rotundifolia (Bluebells of Scotland)
Chelone glabra (White Turtlehead)
Cimicifuga racemosa (Black Snakeroot)
Eupatorium rugosum (White Snakeroot)
Mertensia virginica (Virginia Bluebells)
Phlox divaricata (Wild Blue Phlox)
Polemonium reptans (Jacob's Ladder)
Polygonatum biflorum (Small Solomon's Seal)
Polygonatum commutatum (Great Solomon's Seal)
Tiarella cordifolia (Foamflower)

Wildflowers for Wet Areas

Chelone glabra (White Turtlehead)
Eupatorium maculatum (Spotted Joe Pye Weed)
Eupatorium perfoliatum (Boneset)
Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal Flower)
Monarda didyma (Bergamot)
Physostegia virginiana (Obedient Plant)
Sisyrinchium angustifolium (Blue-Eyed Grass)
Vernonia noveboracensis (New York Ironweed)